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The Architecture of Learning: Designing Instruction for the Learning Brain, by Kevin D. Washburn
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Become an Architect of Learning! (blueprints included). The brain constructs new learning, sorting and labeling new data, comparing it with prior experience, and using resulting understandings to interact with the environment. Written for teachers, educational leaders, and instructional designers, this guide presents tools for developing teaching that engages the student thinking needed to construct learning. With applied research from neuroscience and cognitive psychology, The Architecture of Learning introduces a series of blueprints that strategically direct a teacher s thinking and planning. The resulting instruction capitalizes on the brain s penchant for patterns and moves students from recognizing a reference point for constructing new understanding to using new learning to think about and act on the real world. The Architecture of Learning addresses: Understanding how students learn, building blocks of learning, subject matter types and focus processes of learning, aligning learning, teaching, and assessment, critical and creative thinking in teaching and learning, evaluating and revising instruction
- Sales Rank: #1257024 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Clerestory Press
- Published on: 2010-01-21
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.75" h x 5.50" w x 1.00" l, 1.10 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 286 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
Like architecture, learning is not attained by happenstance, but is a matter of design. Great design arranges and utilizes necessary elements to meet the needs of the environment and achieve its purpose. Like an architect, Kevin provides a blueprint that shows us how to carefully build the bricks of learning (experience, comprehension, elaboration, application, and intention) into a master plan that constructs meaningful learning. Architecture of Learning offers a blueprint for us to become masterful designers of learning. --Rob Jacobs, Blogger Education Innovation
Teachers enter classrooms with a toolbox full of instructional strategies. These tools of the trade are often haphazardly and ineffectively used when there is not a clear plan for instruction or a clear understanding of the process of learning. The Architecture of Learning instructional design allows teachers the opportunity to effectively put their tools to work to become master craftsmen of teaching as they design instruction that builds learning. Teachers trained to use this research-based instructional model learn to become draftsmen (of instructional blueprints), architects (of instructional design and concepts), builders (of learning) and inspectors (as they assess learning, provide feedback for improvement, and look for the essential elements of the learning process). We have used this model of instruction at our school for several years and can truly say that the Architecture of Learning instructional design has improved classroom teaching and, more importantly, has produced long-lasting learning that endures beyond the final exam! --Tasha Holliday, Asst Head of School, First Presbyterian Day School Jackson, MS
When students become engaged with subject matter and are given opportunities to think and interpret, they retain more knowledge and understand it more deeply. The Architecture of Learning is a welcome book at this time in our development of mind, brain, and education connections. This book provides neuro-logical and teacher-friendly guidance for designing instruction that aligns with current research in how the brain learns. --Judy Willis, M.D., M.Ed. Author of Research-Based Strategies to Ignite Student Learning
About the Author
Kevin D. Washburn, (Ed.D.), is Executive Director of Clerestory Learning/Make Way for Books LLC, author of the Architecture of Learning instructional design model and its training program, the Writer's Stylus instructional writing program and co-author of an instructional reading program used be schools across the country. Dr. Washburn specializes in instruction and curriculum. His experience as a teacher in elementary through college level classrooms combines with his penchant for reading and research in educational and scientific areas to uncover important implications for learning. Whether speaking in the classroom or convention setting, writing, or blogging, he conveys a passion for quality teaching and authentic learning.
Most helpful customer reviews
8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Seeking the missing link between teaching and learning
By Todd I. Stark
There's a fair amount that we know about learning, and we often place great importance on teaching, but we seem to take for granted the way teaching and learning are related. It is not at all obvious how teaching leads to learning (assuming that it does!) or what is the best way to create an environment for learning. We do have a lot of relevant evidence, but it is rare to see it put together in a useful way.
That's why this is such a wonderful book, the kind that not only teaches you something useful but uses its own principles as an example to do so. The Architecture of Learning illustrates in simple but detailed terms what it takes to get from raw experience to practical skills and knowledge and then provides you with tools to do the same. Successfully applying his own teaching insights to the structure of this book, Washburn leads you on a journey to personal understanding of the learning process chapter by chapter by first introducing the core processes needed for learning and then progressively deepening and expanding the discussions and examples and using them in different ways and relating them to previous experience.
Many theories of learning emphasize how it builds on previous learning. This book illustrates the process with specific examples and analogies that bring it to life. Most interestingly to me, in the process Washburn effectively links his general learning model with the concept of expertise and its emphasis on the difference between the way experts and novices represent knowledge. He expands on the expertise model by not only acknowledging the critical value of deliberate extended practice, but also describing what is happening prior to effective practice and following effective practice that makes it effective and allows it to transfer to real applications. By simplifying the process and making particular stages clear, Washburn helps instructors understand the prerequisites for making practice successful (often neglected!), and what they need to do to make it useful outside of educational settings (rarely accomplished!).
The strong point of this book is the way it synthesizes and consolidates major theories of learning in a useful practical way ...
The composite model used here describes 4 essential interacting and iterative processes required for learning: (1) accumulating "reference experiences" upon which further learning can be based, (2) labelling and sorting our experience, (3) relating new ideas to past experiences to create deeper understanding, (4) applying what we know in increasingly broader and more realistic contexts.
Each of these subprocesses produces different kinds of outcomes used in the overall learning process. (1) Experience produces reference experiences. (2) Labelling and sorting produce sequences of key points that help us comprehend. (3) Relating ideas generates the understanding we need in order to usefully practice and apply new skills and ideas. (4) Rehearsing the application of new skills and ideas with feedback makes learning available for real situations.
The meat of The Architecture of Learning is then the blueprints that make use of this model. Learning new skills requires somewhat different focus on these different processes than subject matter content, even though the same basic proceses still apply. The blueprints provide a general framework for designing instruction so that the essential learning processes are all engaged, with the proper focus for the type of subject matter. For example, skills require more rehearsal and less relating to past experience than non-skill content, but relating to past experience is still needed at various points to produce the intermediate outcomes needed to prepare for effective rehearsal. This is all taken into consideration by the useful general blueprints in Architecture of Learning.
My biggest concern reading this book was trying to come up with a good strategy for sizing the units of material that this approach would apply to. Breaking some material into 16 or so instructional segments as done in these blueprints would obviously be excessive, although the exercise of doing so might still be useful for an instructor for its own sake. There's a lot of room for judgment here in just how to take a curriculum and divide it up into units that can be structured using these patterns.
Perhaps the most exciting chapters for me are the ones on creative and critical thinking. I really like the way this book makes it clear that various thinking skills are used together with content to deepen learning. I think that's one of the biggest missing pieces in the way learning is often represented. People realize they're missing something in learning, but they seem to look for the missing piece in strange places like "unconscious" learning rather than looking more closely at the constituent skills we use to process ideas.
There's a lot of room for thought here, and a very useful general approach for thinking about designing effective instructional experiences.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
A Great Resource for All Grade Levels and Content Areas
By Kimberly N. Shepherd
The Architecture of Learning is a comprehensive resource for helping teachers understand how students learn and how to teach in the way that best engages learning processes noted in the text. The focus of the book is on tapping into the natural learning processes in order for students to truly comprehend what they are being taught, instead of just memorizing facts. Important issues like emotions, motivation, and attention are also clearly addressed and tied into student learning. The author does an excellent job of comparing current ineffective teaching strategies with the AoL blueprint and explains why it is so effective.
As a 4th/5th grade teacher of language arts and history, it is easy to recognize that Dr. Washburn offers an alternative teaching philosophy to the traditional textbook methods. One of the most important aspects of the book is the focus on real-world connections to skills and content required by state and national standards. With the creation of pattern statements and reference points, students are given the opportunity to make concrete connections to the material they are working with.
Teachers of all grade levels and subject areas will benefit from reading this book. The specific grade-level examples spark creative ideas about how blueprints can be used in many different content areas. With clear explanations and easy-to-read figures in every chapter, this book is an invaluable guide for teachers who are tired of the monotony of re-teaching every year because the students forgot what they "learned" last year. The Architecture of Learning provides the resources and direction needed for teachers to take their classrooms from average to extraordinary.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Great book on teaching and learning
By Toni Krasnic
Although this book is primarily aimed at teachers, it is a very informative book for anyone who wants to learn about learning and thinking. Washburn begins by outlining the five building blocks of learning: experience (encountering raw data), comprehension (sorting and organizing raw data), elaboration (examining organized data for patterns and connecting new data to past experiences), application (practicing within the classroom), and intention (practicing outside the classroom). For teachers to properly teach and for students to learn, their learning should progress through all these blocks so that there is a transition from data to knowledge to understanding, and ultimately, to utility of this knowledge. In addition to the elaborate discussion of these blocks and their intersections, Washburn also does a thorough job of explaining the great importance of critical thinking to learning, and discusses the importance of emotion, attention, motivation, creativity, and technology to teaching and learning. The text is complemented by numerous examples throughout the book, making the read more enjoyable and relevant. This is a great resource on teaching and learning!
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